Congress of vienna italy 183011/15/2023 However, others praise it for having created relatively long-term stable and peaceful conditions in most of Europe. The Congress has often been criticized for causing the subsequent suppression of the emerging national and liberal movements, and it has been seen as a reactionary movement for the benefit of traditional monarchs. The Congress's "Final Act" was signed nine days before his final defeat at Waterloo on 18 June 1815. Negotiations continued despite the outbreak of fighting triggered by Napoleon's dramatic return from exile and resumption of power in France during the Hundred Days of March–July 1815. The immediate background was Napoleonic France's defeat and surrender in May 1814, which brought an end to twenty-five years of nearly continuous war. Other signatories of the Treaty of Paris 1814.The congress of vienna metternich s conservative order ap euro.The new Kingdom of the Netherlands had been created just months before, and included formerly Austrian territory that in 1830 became Belgium. Prussia added smaller German states in the west, Swedish Pomerania and 60% of the Kingdom of Saxony Austria gained Venice and much of northern Italy. France lost all its recent conquests, while Prussia, Austria and Russia made major territorial gains. The leaders were conservatives with little use for republicanism or revolution, both of which threatened to upset the status quo in Europe. The goal was not simply to restore old boundaries but to resize the main powers so they could balance each other off and remain at peace. The objective of the Congress was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. The Congress of Vienna ( German: Wiener Kongress) was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815, though the delegates had arrived and were already negotiating by late September 1814.
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